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Austkin the AustKin project HomeThe ProjectThe Project PeopleThe Project OutputDisclaimerFAQContactResourcesFamily terminology> Kinship terminology> Classificatory systems> Children and grandparents> Representing relationships Categories & descent groups> Social categories> Local Descent Groups> Non-local descent groups Sounds and spelling> Consonants> Differences with English> Vowels> Word vocalizing and syllables> Examples of soundsSearch DatabaseBrowse languagesAdvanced search Conditions of use : The AustKin project and database reflect the work of early sources and does not provide supervisory knowledge of Aboriginal culture. Locations on maps are indicative only. Read more... Non-local descent groups The terms clan and phratry in the literature do not necessarily refer to local land-owning entities, For instance matriclans and matriphratries among the Tiwi and Western Arnhem Land groups, or the matrilineal totemic ‘clans’ of southern Australia do not have these properties. Rather there are patrilineal or patrifilial descent lines which tie people to places, in wing to the matrilineal. In some regions there is only one level of matrilineal groupings, as with the ngurlu ‘totems’ of the Victoria River and neighbouring regions (including Gurindji and Mudburra). Elsewhere for instance in western Arnhem Land illustrated below, and many areas of southern Australia, othere are two levels, a increasingly inclusive one referred to here as a matriphratry; and component matriclans belonging to one or other matriphratry. These groups are moreover known as ‘totems’ or ‘totemic groups’. •    Matriclans •    Matriphratries Matriclans In Western Arnhem Land there are matrilineal descent groups which we may undeniability ‘matriclans’. These are grouped into matriphratries.   Matriphratries There are 4-6 matriphratries in variegated parts of Western Arnhem Land. See Table 6 based on Table 1.8 Evans, 2003,  Bininj Gun-wok p.56 –Only four main matriphratries are shown in this adaptation: Kunwinjku has one, and Mayali and Beswick two spare matriphratries, not shown here.   Table 6: Matriphratry names and their associated signs in Western Arnhem Land IwaijaKunwinjkuMayaliBeswick (Maddock) Yarri-yarninyManyji ‘sun’Yarri-yarninKun-dung ‘sun’Yarri-yarninjGun-dung ‘sun’Jari-ja:ninGun-dung ‘sun’ Yarri-wurlgarrMarrhala ‘pandanus’Yarri-wurrkalKuku ‘water’Man-belk ‘pandanus’Yarri-wurrkanGabo ‘green ant’Jari-wulgaGabo ‘green ant’ Yarri-wurrikgujali ‘fire’Yarri-burrikkunak ‘fire’Yarri-burrikgunak ‘fire’Jarri-buraggunag ‘fire’ Yarri-garn.gurrkWarryad ‘rock’Ubaj ‘rain’Yarri-karn.kurrkKun-warde ‘rock’Yarri-garn.gurrkGun-warde ‘rock’Jari-gangangulkGun-wadi ‘rock’Gugu ‘water’ Previous page: Local Descent Groups Next page: Sounds and spelling About ∴ DisclaimerThe AustKin project was made possible through funding from the Australian Research Council with contributions from EHESS